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Changes in Thyroid-Stimulating Immunoglobulins during Antithyroid Therapy^*

Thyroid Study Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637

Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) activity was measured by radioreceptor assay in sera from patients with Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and thyroid cancer. In untreated Graves' disease (47 cases), TSI index was significantly lower [76.7 ± 1.4 (SE)] than the average of a normal Control group (30 cases; 94.4 ± 1.9). In untreated Hashimoto's thyroiditis (25 cases), it was also significantly lower (83.0 ± 2.4). In patients with thyroid cancer (19 cases), there was no significant difference from normal controls.

After ¹³¹I treatment, the TSI index in Graves' disease decreased during 2-4 months, then increased and reached normal levels in 1 yr. During propylthiouracil treatment, the TSI index increased and reached a normal level in 5-6 months without the decreasing phase seen after ¹³¹I treatment. Free T4 index values were gradually decreased by both treatments. There was no significant relationship between TSI index and thyroid antibodies (microsomal antibodies and thyroglobulin antibodies) in untreated Graves' disease or Hashimoto's thyroiditis. It is concluded that 1) in the sera of patients with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, there are immunoglobulin Gs that can displace TSH binding to thyroid membranes; 2) these immunoglobulin Gs are different from the classic antithyroid antibodies; and 3) ¹³¹I treatment of Graves' disease may enhance TSI production during the first 1-2 months after therapy. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 48: 572, 1979)

^* This work was supported by USPHS Grants AM-13377, CA-19266, AM-07011, and FR-55.

Received February 8, 1978.

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