Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Vol 41, 649-655, Copyright © 1975 by Endocrine Society

ARTICLES

Lipid metabolism in pregnancy. II. Altered lipid composition in intermediage, very low, low and high-density lipoprotein fractions

MR Warth, RA Arky and RH Knopp

The hyperlipidemia of pregnancy consists primarily of an increase in triglyceride with lesser rises in cholesterol and phospholipid. As a further characterization, we have analyzed all lipids in the major lipoprotein subfractions in fasting pregnant and non-pregnant women. An elevated triglyceride in the major lipoprotein fractions in pregnancy is confirmed. The triglyceride rises in VLDL and IDL (density 1.006- 1.019 lipoprotein) are associated with proportional rises in cholesterol and phospholipid. The result is a 3-4-fold increase of compositionally unchanged lipoprotein lipid. Contrasting changes are seen in LDL, density 1.019-1.063 lipoprotein, and HDL. In these fractions, triglyceride rises more than cholesterol and phospholipid. As a result, an increase in triglyceride on a percentage basis tends to reduce the contribution of the other two lipids. Nonetheless, on an absolute basis HDL cholesterol is not significantly reduced. The proportional increases in all lipids of VLDL and IDL fractions are consistent with increased VLDL production in pregnancy as suggested by data from animal systems. However, alterations in removal are not rules out. Maintenance of the HDL cholesterol level distinguishes pregnancy from other endogenous hypertriglyceridemias where HDL cholesterol is reduced. One may speculate that these physiological adaptations in material lipid transport can serve the increased energy needs of the mother, supply steroid hormone precursors for the placenta, and provide cholesterol and essential fatty acids for the fetus.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				R. J. Edison, K. Berg, A. Remaley, R. Kelley, C. Rotimi, R. E. Stevenson, and M. Muenke Adverse Birth Outcome Among Mothers With Low Serum Cholesterol Pediatrics, October 1, 2007; 120(4): 723 - 733. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Yuan, K. Z. Al-Shali, and R. A. Hegele Hypertriglyceridemia: its etiology, effects and treatment Can. Med. Assoc. J., April 10, 2007; 176(8): 1113 - 1120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. J Otto, A. C van Houwelingen, A. Badart-Smook, and G. Hornstra Comparison of the peripartum and postpartum phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles of lactating and nonlactating women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2001; 73(6): 1074 - 1079. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. J Otto, A. C van Houwelingen, A. Badart-Smook, and G. Hornstra Changes in the maternal essential fatty acid profile during early pregnancy and the relation of the profile to diet Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2001; 73(2): 302 - 307. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Winkler, B. Wetzka, M. M. Hoffmann, I. Friedrich, M. Kinner, M. W. Baumstark, H. Wieland, W. März, and H. P. Zahradnik Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Subfractions during Pregnancy: Accumulation of Buoyant LDL with Advancing Gestation J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2000; 85(12): 4543 - 4550. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				N. Sattar, I. A. Greer, J. Louden, G. Lindsay, M. McConnell, J. Shepherd, and C. J. Packard Lipoprotein Subfraction Changes in Normal Pregnancy: Threshold Effect of Plasma Triglyceride on Appearance of Small, Dense Low Density Lipoprotein J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 1997; 82(8): 2483 - 2491. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]