Study Roux limb n Follow-up, months Study design Incidence of nutritional deficiencies Fe B12 Folate Anemia A D Alb Ca Brolin et al. (66 ) 50–75 cm 80 24 Prospective 52 37 – 41 – – – – 150 cm 102 24 45 33 – 35 – – – – 265–570 cm 39 24 49 8 – 74 10 51 13 10 Halverson (67 ) 74 36 Case series 49 64 38 35 10 – 0 – Kalfarentzos et al. (68 ) Standard distal 38 17 Case series 13 21 – 32 – – 0 – 17 14 6 12 – 18 – – 6 – Marcuard et al. (73 ) 429 22 Case series – 36 – – – – – – Skroubis et al. (69 )1 60–80 cm 55 24 Case series 29 36 0 47 – – 0 – 48 39 33 0 44 – – 0 – 60 25 25 0 50 – – 0 –

Fe deficiency was not defined (66 ) or defined as serum iron levels less than 60 (67 ), less than 35 (68 ), or 50 µg/dl or less (69 ). Vitamin B12 deficiency was not defined (66 ) or defined as serum vitamin B12 levels less than 200 (67 68 69 ) or less than 180 pg/ml (73 ). Folate deficiency was defined as serum folate levels less than 3 (67 ) or 1.5 ng/ml or less (69 ). Anemia was not defined (66 ) or defined as hematocrit 39% or less for men and 34% or less for women (67 ), hematocrit less than 40% or hemoglobin less than 13.5 g/dl for men and hematocrit less than 37% or hemoglobin less than 12.5 g/dl for women (68 ), or hemoglobin 13.5 g/dl or less for men and 12.5 g/dl or less for women (69 ). Vitamin A deficiency was not defined (66 ) or defined as serum vitamin A levels less than 20 µg/dl. Vitamin D and calcium deficiencies were not defined (66 ). Protein deficiency was not defined (66 ) or defined as serum albumin levels less than 3 (67 69 ) or less than 3.5 g/dl (68 ). Fe, Iron; B12, vitamin B12; A, vitamin A; D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; Alb, serum albumin; Ca, calcium; –, data not available.

¹ The sample size decreased from 55 to 18 at 48 months and eight at 60 months.