Table 1. Characteristics of seven patients with painful HT who underwent thyroidectomy

Patient no. Age (yr)/sex History Subjective pain score out of 10 Prior goiter (yr) Thyroid gland (size estimated by palpation) ESR (mm/h) CRP (mg/dl) TT4 (µg/dl)/FTI TSH (mIU/liter) 24-h RAIU (%) MCHA/TGHA titer FNA

1 36/F Intermittent daily neck pain and swelling, sore throat, 5 months 2 0.75 25 g, smooth, diffuse, firm goiter. Tender bilaterally 11 1.3 8.3/8.8 1.5 23% 320/160 ND
2 26/F Known HT/hypothyroidism on L-T4 over 3 yr. Severe constant pain over goiter, 1-2 yr 10 8 40–50 g, R > L enlarged. Exquisitely tender bilaterally 20 ND 6.9/6.1 9.2a 27% 20,480/40 Numerous lymphocytes with Hürthle cell change consistent with HT
3 39/F Known HT/hypothyroidism on L-T4 7 yr. Episodic throat pain radiating to chin and ears, 3 yr 10 9 Mildly enlarged. Tender L > R 10 <0.3 12.1/ND 1.46b 7 yr ago, normal 6,400/ND Inconclusive
4 48/F Initially "like SAT" with fever, severe fatigue, and weakness 1 wk after URTI episode, followed by episodic neck pain over next 7 months 7 No Initially enlarged. At 7 months, not enlarged, 8.5 g (USS) 11–39 (NR 1–39) <0.3 5.9/ND 4.6 Initial, 2%. At 7 months, 28% Initial, Negative/12.9 to 26.7 U/ml. At 7 months, 0/0 Florid lymphocytic thyroiditis
5 28/F Known HT 10 months. Painful goiter, with pain radiating to both ears, odynophagia, 1 month 2 1 60 g, firm, tender bilaterally 11–17 ND 5.0/5.9 4 25% >20,480/10,240 HT, occasional giant cells
6 22/F On L-T4 for suppression of diffuse goiter. Pain confined to R thyroid lobe, radiating to R ear, 2 months, with dysphagia, fatigue 9 4 40 g, R > L enlarged. Tender R lobe 18 ND 10.8/11.6 0.3c 5h, 7%, 31 h, 17% (on L-T4) 1,280/40 ND
7 41/F Seronegative goiter with hypothyroidism 1.25 yr. Severe constant pain over thyroid, especially R side, 5 months, with odynophagia, hoarseness of voice, and undocumented fever 10 1.25 1.5 times, R > L enlarged. Tender bilaterally 16–22 1.2 (NR 0–1.8) 11/9.6 0.8d ND 0/0 HT, occasional giant cells
Normal range

Up to 20 g 0–20 <0.3 5–12/6–10 0.3–3.8 10–30% 0 /0

ND, Not determined; R, right; L, left; USS, ultrasound scan; NR, normal range; MCHA, antimicrosomal hemaglutination; TGHA, antithyroglobulin hemaglutination. On L-thyroxine (L-T4) 175a, 112b, 100c, and 175d µg/d.